2.1 Create MacOS Virtual Machine In Virtualbox. Open virtualbox, click New button to create a new.

Press down on the Trackpad to click. If you go to the Trackpad System Preferences, you can enable tap to click, so you don't have to physically depress the Trackpad. You can also turn on secondary click as two-finger tap. Mar 06, 2007 The easiest way to right-click is to hold down the ctrl key before you click your mouse button. This works on any Mac! But holding down the ctrl key gets old, especially when you’re an old-hand at right-clicking. If you’re serious about right-clicking, you’ll need to get a mouse with more than one mouse button. It overrides your green plus (zoom) button and works like Windows maximize. You can add it to your login items in your user account to run every time you start OS X. This software is free and it allows for custom key-bindings! As for having to use Option + Shift + Left-Click to use the maximize feature. It is incorrectly implemented for the Mac ctrl-click example because it checks whether e.getModifiers & 0x4 is non-zero. But the flag used for 'command' is also 0x4. So it will report cmd-click as a right-click but won't report ctrl-click as one. Worse yet, cmd-click will also return true to SwingUtilities.isLeftMouseButton.

Switch Control scans your screen until you click a switch. This single click selects an item or performs an action.

Enable Switch Control

1. Choose Apple menu () > System Preferences, then click Accessibility.
2. Select Switch Control from the list of accessibility options.
3. Click the General tab.
4. Select Enable Switch Control.

After enabling Switch Control, the Home panel appears:

To cycle through items in the Home panel, press a switch, such as your mouse button or the Space bar. Press the switch a second time to select the highlighted item.

Set up your switches

Use Switch Control preferences in the Accessibility pane of System Preferences to set up switches that perform an action when pressed. You can use a mouse, keyboard, or dedicated switch hardware connected via USB or Bluetooth. You can also change existing switch actions.

By default, the Space bar is used as a switch when Switch Control is enabled.

• To add a switch, click the Add button (+) in the Switches tab, then press your adaptive switch. Enter a name, then select an action such as Stop Scanning. To have the switch run a script or open an app, click Custom, then choose the script or app.
• To remove a switch, select a switch in the list, then click the Remove button (–).
• To change the behavior of an existing switch, select a switch in the list, click , then change the name or action. To use a different switch for the action, click Reassign.

Scan and select items

Scan items
When you press the Select Item switch, Switch Control begins stepping through a panel, group, or user interface. Switch control highlights each item or group as it scans. The scan pauses when you select an item, unless you've set the option to keep scanning after a selection is set. If you turned auto scanning off, press the Move To Next Item switch to advance the scan. Switch Control repeats (or loops) a scan as set in the Navigation pane.

Select an item
When an item is highlighted, press the Select Item switch. If the selected item is a group, and you didn’t set the option to resume scanning after a selection, press the switch to scan the group. Then press the switch to select an item in the group.

To exit a group, press the switch when the group is highlighted or when you hear ”step out.”

If you need to use the pointer to click an item that isn't part of an app's interface, you can use Pointer mode to scan the screen and click an item.

1. Click to begin scanning horizontally.
2. When the range finder highlights the area you want to click, click your switch again.
3. Click another time to precisely refine your horizontal position.
4. The next click starts the vertical range finder scan.
5. Click again to refine your vertical position.
6. Click your switch a final time to click the element on the screen that is currently under the blue crosshair you created on the screen.

Use panels

Set panel options
In a panel, click the Select Item switch when the Panel Options icon in the upper-right corner is highlighted. Then click the switch again when the option you want to set is highlighted. You can decrease or increase the size of the panel, and increase or decrease its transparency.

Return to the Home panel
In a panel, click the Select Item switch when the Home icon in the upper-right corner is highlighted. In the interface, press the switch when the Home panel is highlighted.

Use the Home panel

Keyboard
Type text in a document or field by scanning the keyboard in the panel, opening a group of keys, and then selecting a key. The first group contains suggested words based on the first keys you press. This lets you save typing time by selecting a suggested word. Other keyboards may be available in the Custom panel.

Pointer
To move the pointer to an area of the screen, select Move. A vertical block starts to glide across the screen. When you press the Select Item switch, the block stops and a vertical blue line starts to glide across the block. Press the switch again to either stop the blue line or substantially slow it down before you press the switch again to stop it (based on the setting of Gliding Cursor Precision in the Navigation pane). When you do the same horizontally, you'll see the pointer move to the intersection of the two blue lines.

App
Scan items and groups in the active window of the current app.

Click The Button Mac Os Catalina

Dock
Immediately start scanning just the items in the Dock.

Menu Bar
Scan the menu bar group, then the menu extras group.

System
Control the volume or display brightness of your Mac, and control media playback.

Custom
You can create custom panels in the Accessibility pane of System Preferences. Select Switch Control, then click Open Panel Editor. Any custom panels you create appear here.

Location
Use this option to reposition the Switch Control Home panel on the screen.

Learn more

To further customize Switch Control, use the Navigation tab in the Switch Control section of Accessibility preferences. You can learn more about Switch Control and the Switch Control Panel Editor from the Apple Accessibility website and from the built-in help included with your Mac. Click the help button in the Accessibility pane of System Preferences, or search for Switch Control from the Help menu in the Finder menu bar.

Automating the User Interface

Unfortunately, not every Mac app has scripting support, and those that do may not always have scripting support for every task you want to automate. You can often work around such limitations, however, by writing a user interface script, commonly called a UI or GUI script. A user interface script simulates user interaction, such as mouse clicks and keystrokes, allowing the script to select menu items, push buttons, enter text into text fields, and more.

Enabling User Interface Scripting

User interface scripting relies upon the OS X accessibility frameworks that provide alternative methods of querying and controlling the interfaces of apps and the system. By default, accessibility control of apps is disabled. For security and privacy reasons, the user must manually enable it on an app-by-app (including script apps) basis.

1. Launch System Preferences and click Security & Privacy.

2. Click Accessibility.

3. Choose an app and click Open.

When running an app that requires accessibility control for the first time, the system prompts you to enable it. See Figure 37-1.

Attempting to run an app that has not been given permission to use accessibility features results in an error. See Figure 37-2.

Click The Button Mac Os X

Note

To run a user interface script in Script Editor, you must enable accessibility for Script Editor.

Admin credentials are required to perform enable user interface scripting.

Targeting an App

User interface scripting terminology is found in the Processes Suite of the System Events scripting dictionary. This suite includes terminology for interacting with most types of user interface elements, including windows, buttons, checkboxes, menus, radio buttons, text fields, and more. In System Events, the process class represents a running app. Listing 37-1 shows how to target an app using this class.

APPLESCRIPT

1. tell application 'System Events'
2. tell process 'Safari'
3. -- Perform user interface scripting tasks
4. end tell
5. end tell

To control the user interface of an app, you must first inspect the app and determine its element hierarchy. This can be done by querying the app. For example, Listing 37-2 asks Safari for a list of menus in the menu bar.

APPLESCRIPT

1. tell application 'System Events'
2. tell process 'Safari'
3. name of every menu of menu bar 1
4. end tell
5. end tell
6. --> Result: {'Apple', 'Safari', 'File', 'Edit', 'View', 'History', 'Bookmarks', 'Develop', 'Window', 'Help'}

Accessibility Inspector (Figure 37-3) makes it even easier to identify user interface element information. This app is included with Xcode. To use it, open Xcode and select Xcode > Open Developer Tool > Accessibility Inspector.

Once you know how an element fits into an interface, you target it within that hierarchy. For example, button X of window Y of process Z.

Clicking a Button

Use the click command to click a button. Listing 37-3 clicks a button in the Safari toolbar to toggle the sidebar between open and closed.

APPLESCRIPT

1. tell application 'System Events'
2. tell process 'Safari'
3. tell toolbar of window 1
4. click (first button where its accessibility description = 'Sidebar')
5. end tell
6. end tell
7. end tell
8. --> Result: {button 1 of toolbar 1 of window 'AppleScript: Graphic User Interface (GUI) Scripting' of application process 'Safari' of application 'System Events'}

Choosing a Menu Item

Menu items can have a fairly deep hierarchy within the interface of an app. A menu item generally resides within a menu, which resides within a menu bar. In scripting, they must be addressed as such. Listing 37-4 selects the Pin Tab menu item in the Window menu of Safari.

APPLESCRIPT

Click The Button Mac Os Download

1. tell application 'System Events'
2. tell process 'Safari'
3. set frontmost to true
4. click menu item 'Pin Tab' of menu 'Window' of menu bar 1
5. end tell
6. end tell
7. --> Result: menu item 'Pin Tab' of menu 'Window' of menu bar item 'Window' of menu bar 1 of application process 'Safari' of application 'System Events'

Note

Click The Button Mac Os 11

Scripting the user interface of an app can be tedious and repetitious. To streamline the process, consider creating handlers to perform common functions. For example, Listing 37-5 shows a handler that can be used to choose any menu item of any menu in any running app.

APPLESCRIPT

1. on chooseMenuItem(theAppName, theMenuName, theMenuItemName)
2. try
3. -- Bring the target app to the front
4. tell application theAppName
5. activate
6. end tell
7. -- Target the app
8. tell application 'System Events'
9. tell process theAppName
10. -- Target the menu bar
11. tell menu bar 1
12. -- Target the menu by name
13. tell menu bar item theMenuName
14. tell menu theMenuName
15. -- Click the menu item
16. click menu item theMenuItemName
17. end tell
18. end tell
19. end tell
20. end tell
21. end tell
22. return true
23. on error
24. return false
25. end try
26. end chooseMenuItem

Listing 37-6 calls the handler in Listing 37-5 to select the Pin Tab menu item in the Window menu of Safari.

APPLESCRIPT

Choosing a Submenu Item

Some menus contain other menus. In these cases, it may be necessary to select a menu item in a submenu of a menu. Listing 37-7 demonstrates how this would be done by selecting a submenu item in Safari.

APPLESCRIPT

1. tell application 'System Events'
2. tell process 'Safari'
3. set frontmost to true
4. click menu item 'Email This Page' of menu of menu item 'Share' of menu 'File' of menu bar 1
5. end tell
6. end tell
7. --> Result: {menu item 'Email This Page' of menu 'Share' of menu item 'Share' of menu 'File' of menu bar item 'File' of menu bar 1 of application process 'Safari' of application 'System Events'}

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