Clan History:

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Historically, the chief of the Mackintosh clan has most frequently been the leader of Clan Chattan, although there has been a long rivalry with the chiefs of the Macpherson clan for that position. As the senior partners of the Clan Chattan confederation, the Mackintosh clan took part in a feud with Clan Cameron that lasted for 350 years.

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In 1396, a gladiatorial contest between the Mackintosh clanand other names of the Chattan confederation, and Clan Cameron was staged at a field outside the city of Perth called the North Inch. This fight to the death took place in front of King Robert III and his court. According to the story, Clan Chattan killed all but one of their rivals with the loss of 19 of their party of 30 clansmen.

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The Clan Maclean is one of the oldest Gaelic¹clans of Scotland, settling primarily in the inner Hebrides and the Western Highlands. The Clan Maclean takes its name from its first chief, Gilleain na Tuaighe.¹ when anglicized means Gillean of the Battle-Axe.Gilleain means the Servant of [St.] John, thus the name Maclean literally means Son of Gillean or Son of the Servant of [St.] John.²

Origins of the Clan Maclean 4^th Century BC — 13^th Century

Although the certainty of ancient origins from which the Clan Maclean descended are lost to history, the clan’s senachies, or historians, have maintained traditional claims of descent from the Dálriadic kindred of Lorn⁶ through Loarn mac Erc.²

The direct lineage of the Maclean Chiefs can be traced with confidence as far back Gillean’s 5^th great-grandfather, Old Dugald of Scone.¹ Born around 1050, during the reign of Macbeth, Dugald of Scone served as a Judex (or Judge) and was believed to be a Councillor to David I, King of Scots.

Prior to Old Dugald, the genealogical records are somewhat uncertain, however there are some consistencies in the various genealogical accounts. Dr. John Beaton, the last official seneachie of the Clan Maclean,² Dr. Matthew Kennedy who wrote the definitive Dissertation on the Royal Line of Steuarts,³ and a manuscript recognized by the Lord of the Isles listing the pedigrees of the important clans⁴ all agree in recognizing Ferghuis Abhraruoidh (or Fergus Mór, a Dálriadic king) as the Gillean’s 16^th great-grandfather. Alexander Maclean Sinclair asserts that the books of Ballymote, Leccan, the Skene Manuscript, and MacFirbis’s Genealogies all trace the Maclean’s back to Loarn mac Erc,² a king of Dálriada who lived in the 6^th century and for whom the Lorn kindred was named. Beaton, Kennedy and O’Clery, in his Book of Genealogies,⁵ carry the genealogy further back to include Erc as Gillean’s 19^th great-grandfather. Beaton alone provides a hereditary line back further naming Gillean’s 34^th great-grandfather as Tuirmhich teainrich righ Eran, a traditional High King of Dálcuinn (ancient Ireland) who presumably lived around 320 B.C.

Rise to Influence and Prominence 13^th Century — 14^th Century

Although best remembered as warriors today, the earliest Macleans would likely have been recognized as one of the hereditary learned families of the Gàeltachd.⁶ Old Dugald’s position and designation as “judex,” along with his frequent change of dwelling coupled with the fact that his great grandson, Cuduiligh,^6b born c.1130,¹⁴ was a learned Abbot of Lismore would have been common in the context of the Gàeltachd.⁶

Malcolm mac Giliosa, third chief, married Rignach,⁶ daughter of Gamail, Mormaer (or Earl) of Carrick (a relation of the Bruces¹⁷), established Malcolm in both society and land.⁶ This marriage happened at the beginning of the transition of Scotland’s crown from the House of Balliol to the House of Bruce.¹Malcolm’s sons used their new influence established control and command of ships and shipping in the region.⁶ The rise of the House of Bruce put Scotland on a path to the Wars of Scottish Independence; a path that would rely heavily on seapower which the Macleans were ready and eager to provide.

While being an influential family in the Gàeltachd may have helped establish Malcolm’s favor with the Earls of Carrick, it was the sea power commanded by his sons that the Bruce needed and helped accelerate their rise to prominence. Having the favor of both the outgoing and incoming ruling houses enabled the Macleans to thrive in the transition.

Oral tradition of the Clan Maclean insists that Malcolm fought with the Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn on June 24th, 1314.¹ Although not historically documented, this assertion is both logical and reasonable due to the facts that the Carricks were known to have fought with Bruce that day and the stood with the Bruce afterward.¹³ Strong ties to both the Carricks and Bruces would have made it difficult for the Macleans to avoid being drawn into the conflict.⁶

In 1390 Lachlan Lùbanach Maclean of Duart, 5^th Chief, and Hector Reaganach Maclean, 1^st Chieftain of Lochbuie, were the first Macleans to achieve full nobility when they granted charters for lands from the Lord of the Isles. Shortly before 1395 Charles Maclean of Lochbuie, the First Maclean of Urquhart, became the first Maclean to be knighted. He was knighted by King James III for his many daring exploits in the service of his soverign.¹ A vassal of the Lord of the Isles, Sir Charles held the farthest point north for the Lordship. In 1631 Lachlan Maclean of Duart, 17^th Chief, made his first appearance at the court of Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. During Lachlan’s time at court Charles I made him a baronet of Nova Scotiawith remainder to his heirs male whatsoever.Lachlan was styled, “Sir Lachlan Maclean of Morvern.”^1b And thus the chiefs of both the Macleans of Lochbuie and Duart, descendants the ancient Gaels, were now landed members of the peerage.

The Lordship of the Isles 14^th Century — 15^th Century

By the 14^th century, the Clan Maclean had become a dominant force in the Western Isles. In 1366 Lachlan Lùbanach Maclean of Duart, 5^th Chief, solidified the Maclean alliance with the Macdonalds through marriage. His bride, Mary Macdonald,¹⁵ was not only the daugher of John Macdonald, first Lord of the Isles, but also the granddaughter of Robert II, King of Scots. It appears the families were close enough that the approval of the church was sought. The papal dispensation issued by Pope Urban V on May 3^rd of 1367¹⁶ approving the marriage is the first mention of a Maclean in any official records. Their marriage dowry included custody of Duart Castle. Lachlan Lùbanach also secured the hereditary position of Lieutenant-General of the Isles.

In 1390, Lachlan Lùbanach would secure the earliest known charters ever granted by the Lord of the Isles.¹ Donald Macdonald, second Lord of the Isles, granted three charters to Lachlan Lùbanach at Ardtornish on July 12 in 1390.¹ The first charter granted custody and constableship of castle Duart, the lands of Torosay, Brolas and other lands in Mull;² half constableship of castles Dunconnel and Dunkerd, the islands of Garvellach, the upper half of the isle of Jura, certain lands in Luing, Scarba, Morvern and other places.² The second charter granted custody and constableship of castles Cairnburgh, Ileburgh, Fladda, and Lunga; the lands of Treshnish, Calgary, and other lands in Mull; the office of Fragramanach and Armanach in the island of lona.² The third charter granted the bailiery of all the lands of Tiree; certain lands in Tiree; and the office of Steward of the House to the Lord of the Isles.²

For five generations the fortunes of the Macleans were closely tied to the Macdonalds and the Lordship of the Isles. The Macleans’ steadfast support as vasals to the Lordship of the Isles was rewarded by the Scottish Crown when it annexed the Lordship of the Isles to itself. On July 13^th in 1495 at Glasgow, King James IV confirmed all the charters held by Hector Odhar Maclean of Duart from the Lord of the Isles.¹ Holding their charters directly from the Crown made the Macleans an independent clan, at a time when they were the most powerful military force in the Hebrides.

The Jacobite Risings 17^th Century — 18^th Century

The Macleans were ever-faithful to the Stuart Cause. In 1631, King Charles I, of the House of Stuart, took a particular interest Sir Lachlan Maclean of Duart, 17^th Chief, and bestowed on him the hereditary Baronetcy of Morvern.² At court Sir Lachlan’s distrust of Archibald Campbell, 1^st Duke of Argyll who was later executed for his role in overthrowing Charles I, set the Macleans on path that forever aligned them with the Stuarts and against the Campbells.

The Macleans were the first to shed their blood in Scotland for Stuart Cause. The first military engagement of the Jacobite Uprising of 1689, remembered as Dundee’s Rising, was a skirmish at Knockbreck. Hector Maclean of Lochbuie, under the command of Sir John Maclean of Duart, 20^th Chief, led an advance force of approximately 300 Maclean men on their way to join the main Jacobite force under Dundee when they were attacked. The Macleans prevailed against 5 Troops of Horse from General Hugh Mackay's army.² The Macleans were present at all the major engagements of the first Jacobite uprising. Sir John proved himself such a skillful battlefield leader at the Battle of Killiecrankie, that his enemy, William III, took note and years later offered him a position as colonel in the British Army.¹⁸Archibald Campbell, 1^st Duke of Argyll leveraged the Macleans’ support of the Stuarts with trumped up debts to force Sir John to surrender Duart.

When the Jacobite Uprising of 1715, usually remembered as simply the Fifteen, broke out the Macleans had been weakened by Dundee’s Rising and relentless conflict with the Campbells. Though they could not play the same role they had a decade earlier, the Macleans were present at several engagements including a successful attack on Fort William² and Battle of Sheriffmuir. About 800 Macleans¹⁹ turned out to fight behind their Chief, Sir John. According to tradition, Sir John addressed his clan thus, Gentlemen, this is a day we have long wished to see. Yonder stand Maccalen Mor for King George; here stand Maclean for King James. God bless Maclean and King James. Charge, gentlemen!²

Two decades later the Macleans again rallied again to the Stuart Cause, this time under the banner of Charles Edward Stuart remembered as Bonnie Prince Charlie, during the Jacobite Uprising of 1745, remembered simply as the FourtyFive. Sir Hector Maclean of Duart, 21^st Chief, had arranged for Bonnie Prince to land at Mull when he returned to Scotland. Unfortunately Sir Hector was arrested as a Jacobite spy and imprisoned in the Tower of London before the Bonnie Prince set sail and the plan changed for fear that the English learned of the plan. The Macleans played a prominent role at Battle of Culloden. Sir Hector’s absence, Charles Maclean of Drimnin lead the Maclean forces that turned out for the Battle of Colloden where they suffered heavily both in battle and in the Duke of Cumberland’s massacre the following day.¹ Culloden effectively ended the the FourtyFive.

Exile and Emigration 19^th Century — 20^th Century

The Stuart Cause cost the Macleans heavily in life, land, and influence. Having lost Duart and most of their lands to the Argyll, the Maclean chiefs found themselves in exile. Six generations of Chiefs would make their home abroad in France and England. Argyll began driving the Macleans from their ancient homes immediately after Dundee's Rising. So many Jacobites were driven from the Highlands after the first and last Uprisings that the post-war periods became known as the Clearances.

The Macleans were faced with a very stark reality, either remain in the Highlands and Western Isles homeless and destitute to face the harsh winter elements or start life anew elsewhere. Many Maclean families chose the later and the results ripple throughout history. Sir Hector Maclean of Duart, 21^st Chief returned to France with the Stuart Court, where he was instrumental in spreading Freemasonry. Australia, New Zealand, the United States all have many influencial leaders, businessmen, judges, and politcians among their early leaders who bear the name Maclean. Several of the American Patriots and Pioneers were Macleans. Though the loss of the Stuart Cause was a difficult one, the result is that it spread the independent and inventive spirit of our Highland family across the globe.

Renaissance of the Clan Maclean 20^th Century — Present

Kewlest Horan Clanventures Mac Os X

In 1911, Sir Fitzroy Donald Maclean of Duart, Bt, 26^th Chief, proudly proclaimed I am happy to say the ancient stronghold of the Macleans is now my property to the 400 Macleans who joined him to celebrate the reclaiming of Duart Castle. It is 221 years since the Maclean banner has been over this ancient castle... and I know perfectly well that the honor of that flag and the honor of our clan will be ever safe in your hands. Sir Fitzroy was a veteran of the Crimean War, friend of King Edward VII, and close acquaintance both Queen Victoria and Jefferson Davis, The Clan Maclean owes much of its resurgence his leadership as its chief. Sir Fitzroy lived to be 101, and on his last birth day the feud with the Campbells came to an end.

Kewlest Horan Clanventures Mac Os 11

Though the 17^th century Chiefs had difficulty mastering the court-centered political landscape, by the 18^th century they had mastered their political craft while maintaining the proud military tradition of our ancestors. Recent Maclean Chiefs and Chieftains have become the embodiment of the modern warrior statesmen. Sir Fitzroy Hew Royle Maclean, of Dunconnel, Bt, who was sent by Prime Minister Winston Churchill to assist Tito, was the inspiration for friend Ian Flemming’s character, James Bond. Sir Fitzroy later became a diplomat and Member of Parliament. Lord Charles Maclean of Duart and Morvern, Bt, KT, GCVO, KBE, PC, Baron Maclean, 27^th Chief, modernized the Scouting movement before being selected to serve as head of Queen Elizabeth II’s household as Lord Chamberlain. Lord Maclean was arguably the most influential Scottish chief of the modern era. Sir Lachlan Maclean of Duart and Morvern, Bt, CVL, DL, 28^th Chief, served in the Special Air Service (SAS), an elite special forces unit of the British Army, before a successful career in business. Sir Lachlan now works to preserve the Clan Maclean’s history for future generations.

Since the restoration of Duart Castle Macleans around the globe have become one of the most active and involved modern Scottish Clans. The Clan Maclean today is truly a world-wide family.

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References

1. 1. MacLean, J. P. A History of the Clan MacLean from Its First Settlement at Duard Castle, in the Isle of Mull, to the Present Period. Cincinnati: R. Clarke, 1889. 1p22-34, 1bp160, 1cp243. Print.
2. 2. Sinclair, Alexander Maclean. The Clan Gillean. Charlottetown: Haszard and Moore, 1899. 2p29-42, 2bp50.
3. 3. Kennedy, Matthew. A Chronological, Genealogical, and Historical Dissertation of the Royal Family of the Stuarts. Paris: Printed by L. Coignard, 1705. Print.
4. 4. N.p. MS 72.1.1. National Library of Scotland. c.1400.
5. 5. O'Clery, Peregrine. O'Clery Book of Genealogies. 1632. MS 23 D 17, P33, Col A38; B. Royal Irish Academy, n.p.
6. 6. Maclean-Bristol, Nicholas. Warriors and Priests: The History of the Clan Maclean, 1300-1570. East Linton, East Lothian, Scotland: Tuckwell, 1995. p2-12, 6bp162. Print.
7. 7. Broun, Dauvit,“Aedán mac Gabráin” in Michael Lynch (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford UP, Oxford, 2001. 7p40-42, 7bp161-162. Print.
8. 8. Magnússon, Magnús. Scotland: The Story of a Nation. New York: Atlantic Monthly, 2000. p38-40. Print.
9. 9. Campbell, Donald. A Treatise on the Language, Poetry, and Music of the Highland Clans. Edinburgh: D.R. Collie, 1862. p211. Print.
10. 10. McGregor, James, Thomas Maclauchlan, and W. F. Skene. The Dean of Lismore’s Book; A Selection of Ancient Gaelic Poetry. Edinburgh: Edmonston & Douglas, 1862. p39. Print.
11. 11. Bannerman, John. Studies in the History of Dálriada. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic, 1974. p 68. Print.
12. 12. Anderson, Alan Orr, ed. Early Sources of Scottish History: a.d. 500 to 1286. 1922. p61-62.
13. 13. White, Robert. A History of the Battle of Bannockburn Fought A.D. 1314. Edinburgh; Edmonston and Douglas, 1871. p160. Print.
14. 14. “Person Page - 5095.” Our Royal, Titled, Noble, and Commoner Ancestors & Cousins (over 157,000 Names). N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
15. 15. Robertson, James A. Concise Historical Proofs Respecting the Gael of Alban. Edinburgh: W.P. Nimmo, 1866. Print.
16. 16. 'Regesta 256: 1366-1367', Calendar of Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 4: 1362-1404. 1902, pp. 59-66. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=96373 Date accessed: 21 April 2014
17. 17. White, Alasdair. “One Clan, Two Families.” Clan MacLean. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.
18. 18. Thomson, A.T. Memoirs of the Jacobites of 1715 and 1745 Volume 2. S & J Bently, Wilson, and Fley, 1845. Print, 124-254.
19. 19. Hoey, Brian. MacLean of Duart: The Biography of 'Chips' Maclean. Twickenham: Country Life, 1986. Print, 168-169.

Article by Kane McLean, 04 February, 2016; released under the Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) Unported License.